The speeches of presidential candidate John Kennedy in...

The speeches of presidential candidate John Kennedy in Houston and President Barack Obamas at Notre Dame touch on how they believe religion should play a role in society and more importantly politics. They both agree religion is not the most important topic, that it can and does, but should not get in the way of coming to an agreement on the more important issues. Both Kennedy and Obama believe that everyone and church should be treated equally. No one church should be favored over another and that includes electing candidates. If people elect a candidate based on their religious views then they and their church/religion are not being treating fairly. Certain people will never be able to hold office because they were born/converted†¦show more content†¦They should also not have a religion imposed upon them by their constituents, the nation or by a church. Our officials should be able to attend any religious event, no excuse should be given to avoid the event because it is not the same religion as their own. By attending these events they are able to interact with people of different religions and get more done than if they only dealt with people of the same religion. This is the way all politicians should operate in his opinion. The best way to keep religions from getting involved in politics and keep officials from allowing religion to dictate their decisions while in office, is to have an absolute separation of church and state. If religions and politics are completely separate then more things be accomplished, because their views will not get in the way of finding common ground. Religious tolerance means that one religion is prevalent but accepts other religions. Kennedy believes that religious tolerance should end and that all religions should be considered equal, and a private matter. He also believes that religious liberty should be indivisible. President Barack Obama believes that religion should be public, but should not get in the way of reaching common ground. Everyone has the same core beliefs, but disagree on the right way to fix the problems. He believes that since all religions believes in the Golden Rule, it binds them together, and that people should use that to put ourselves in eachShow MoreRelatedEssay on Young Candidates Find Success In Presidential Elections2339 Words   |  10 PagesThe Young Candidates Find Success in Presidential Elections The United States as a democratic state has always placed a great amount of importance on the leaders of our nation. Not only are United States presidents elected by the people, they are also the face of the nation. These factors combine to make the Presidential race not only one of the most exciting focuses of history, but also overall increasingly controversial. The presidential campaigns of 1960 and 2008 have been two of the mostRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesIs a Great Source of New Hires 567 Questions for Review 568 Experiential Exercise Evaluating Performance and Providing Feedback 568 Ethical Dilemma Credit Checking 568 Case Incident 1 The End of the Performance Appraisal? 569 Case Incident 2 Job Candidates Without Strong SAT Scores Need Not Apply 570 S A L 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management Forces for Change 578 Planned Change 580 577 Resistance to Change 580 Overcoming Resistance to Change 582 †¢ The Politics of Change

The Conception Of Morality Is Present Throughout Human...

Everette Somers Amie Zimmer PHIL 101 Essay 4 The conception of morality is present throughout human civilization. In every society, there exists a paradigm for how one should act. From a broad perspective, it seems that there are some moral principles which are ubiquitous. There are certain activities or behaviors which are believed to be objectively wrong by the majority of individuals across cultures, such as murder, lying, stealing, and betrayal. This indicates that there are virtues—respect for human life, honesty, loyalty—which are inherent in these specific moral principles, as well as cross-cultural. Considering this, it is easy for one to submit to the notion that there is an absolute moral code which dictates human behavior. Conversely, closer inspection reveals that the moral codes of individual societies are widely variable, which makes these universal virtues difficult to recognize or seemingly irrelevant. Although it is evident that there are values which are present within all cultur es, this apparent universality is not sufficient evidence that humans possess an innate moral instinct. Hence, there is no absolute moral code which is innate, but there are moral principles which seem to be intrinsic to human society, as well as universal throughout history and across cultures. These principles are not â€Å"hard-wired† into biological systems, nor are they handed to us by a transcending source, but they arise from fundamental human nature through interaction with ourShow MoreRelatedLegal Positivism Vs. Law Of Nature1285 Words   |  6 Pagesv. the Law of Nature Legal philosophy has changed dramatically throughout the years; many theories have evolved and are still supported to this day. Concepts such as values, morality, desires, and reason all come into play when law is defined. Law is a very difficult word to define; what exactly is it and where does it come from? 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Causes and Effects of Low Fertility

Question: Discuss about the Causes and Effects of Low Fertility. Answer: Introduction Ageing is a vital process that occurs in every living organism and brings about major physical and metabolic changes. There has been an increase in the life expectancy of humans in the twentieth century. It is being evaluated that in US, the life expectancy has increased from 45 to 75.7 from 1902 to 2004 respectively (Tejvan, 2016). This longer life expectancy is a result of better education and increased income (Saheli, 2015). Although, it is an achievement but since the birth rates are declining, there is a major challenge to deal with such huge population of older adults. This has not only increased the dependency ratio but has also increased the cost of healthcare; thereby, putting more pressure on the healthcare sectors as they have deal with the problems of larger population of older adults. Asia, being the largest continent, has a vast ageing population which not only impose multiple challenges on the economic front but also creates major problems in providing healthcare services. There have been reports from the World Bank which suggest that approximately 36% of the population of adults over 65 in the world are residing in East Asia which is likely to rise in the future (Saheli, 2015). The two major countries of Asia, i.e. Japan and Singapore will be discussed in this essay as these two countries along with South Korea have more than 14% of their population over 65 years old (Saheli, 2015). The main challenges that are being imposed by the increasing ageing population include increase in financial problems, increased health problems (particularly non-communicable diseases), reduced population of working adults, economic challenges, increased cost of healthcare and increased dependency ratio (H.S. Borji, 2016). These challenges, demographic changes, policies and the culture of ageing population in Japan and Singapore are further explained in detail. The Demographic Changes The demography of the world is changing at a fast pace with the increase in the ageing population. One of the reasons which are responsible for bringing about the changes in the age and size of the population is sustained baby boom. Both the population of Japan and Singapore have been impacted by the baby boom which is referred to as the period followed by the Second World War, particularly from 1946 to 1964, during which there was boom in the world population (Sharmistha, 2014). The countries in south-east and East Asia were also impacted by the baby boom including both Japan and Singapore; however, the time frames of the baby boom in both the countries differ. In case of Japan, the baby boom was short-lived, i.e. from 1947 to 1949 (Naohiro and Rikiya, 2007) while in Singapore the baby boom sustained from 1946 to 1965 (Sharmistha, 2014). The census data obtained in 2000 suggested that in Singapore, 33.89% of the total population included people born during baby boom that would reach the age of retirement or age-aged by the year 2030 (Sharmistha, 2014). This has been one of the major reasons of increased population of older adults in Singapore. However in Japan, the increased ageing population is a result of baby boom (minor factor) and other factors as the baby boom in Japan did not occur for a very long period of time. This baby boom in Japan has definitely created a demographic bulge which is believed to put millions of the baby boomers of country to the retirement (The Associated Press and McClatchy Newspaper, 2007). Another major cause of this boom in ageing population can be attributed to the reduction in the fertility. The two main consequences of this phenomenon is that the size of labour force gets reduced due to rapidly ageing population and it becomes very difficult to reverse the low fertility (Peter, 2008). It is being suggested by Honolulu that the Japan and Singapore are amongst the top four prosperous economies of Asia that have lowest birth rates in the world due to reduced fertility rates (2010). In Japan, the period of reduced fertility sustained for a longer time after the baby boom due to which it can be seen that there is a large ageing population in Japan as the birth rate has reduced. Another reason for low birth rates in these countries is improved education system that inspires people to have less number of children and many women tend to delay their child birth to have better living (Honolulu, 2010). The improved medical systems today have successfully increased the life expectancy due to which the mortality rates have reduced; thereby, increasing the population of older adults. The science and technology has led to the development of better healthcare facilities that allow better treatment which in turn has decreased the mortality. The population of Japan is aging very fast with a continual increase in its life expectancy; thus, making it the country with highest life expectancy. In particular, the mortality rate of elder people in Japan is declining (Noriko, n.d.). It is being evaluated that the proportion of the people over 65 years in Japan is likely to be increased from 23% in 2010 up to 40% in 2060 (Noriko, n.d.). There has been a significant improvement in Singapore in terms of decreasing the mortality of adults (Ministry of Health, 2010) which is adding to the increased population of the ageing individuals in the country. This not only puts pressure on the economy of the country but also the healthcare services are being challenged as they need to make their services available for the large population of older adults and provide them with a better quality of life. The very common chronic conditions that persist amongst the older adults include congestive heart failure, dementia, hypertension, heart disorders, cancer, high cholesterol, diabetes and arthritis (Anyssa, 2016). The healthcare systems need to be prepared to deal with these conditions on a larger frame as there is likelihood that with increased ageing population, the number of cases with such conditions would also increase. The financial demands on the healthcare systems would increase as there will be a need of managing these chronic conditions in addition to the level of disability of the patient (Anyssa, 2016). The Policies The upsurge of ageing population has led to the need of formulating various policies and schemes in order to deal with the challenges of ageing population. The pension system of the country has also been challenged by the increasing number of older adults who are not working. In Japan, prevention-oriented long-term care (LTC) benefit was introduced in the year 2006 in long-term care insurance system with a motive to prevent the ageing population in Japan from getting dependent and to improve their condition in terms of mental and physical health (Policies for a Revitalisation of Japan, 2012). Anti-age discrimination legislation has been formulated so that the right of the older adults in accessibility of services and employment can be protected (Mala Kapur, 2011, p. 4). In Singapore, the government has formulated several healthcare policies in order to tackle the health issues of the ageing population effectively. The main agendas of the healthcare policy in Singapore are to prevent the diseases, promote health, encourage healthy lifestyle amongst the older adults, promote responsibility level and promote the ageing population to stay active (Olivia, 2006). In 1984, a scheme called the Medisave National Medical Saving was introduced in the country to allow the people to make savings from their earnings so that they can make use of them for medical assistance. Apart from this, MediShield is another policy that had been introduced in 1990 for helping with the medical expenses (Olivia, 2006). The government in Singapore has proposed the Land Tranport Authority (LTA) in 2000 to ensure the accessibility of the older adults (Olivia, 2006). The ageing population is greatly impacting the society due to which there is a need to impose certain changes so that this impact can be minimised particularly on the healthcare and economic sector. The major impacts of the ageing population on the society include the increase in the dependency ratio, increased government expenses on both the pensions and healthcare systems, shortage of finding the working people, reduction in the capital investment and an increase in the services and goods associated to the older adults (Tejvan, 2016). Now there is a need of implementing several limitations so that these challenges concerning the ageing population can be resolved. A major step that can deal with the increasing pressure on the healthcare sectors is to educate the ageing population regarding the importance of being healthy and adopt an active lifestyle. This can reduce the risk of developing chronic conditions which would eventually reduce the expenses of government on the healthcare department. There is definitely a need to increase the retirement age so that the people can work for longer period as this is important so that the working population is not declined at a fast pace and also in this way the economy of country would not face major problems. There are multiple international studies that are being conducted to identify the population of ageing individuals so that the appropriate steps can be taken to deal with the problems associated to them. Some of the major studies include Mexican Health and Aging Study, Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing in England, Longitudinal Study of Ageing in South Korea, Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Indonesian Family Life Survey, Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Thailand and Japanese Study on Aging and Retirement (James, 2012). The Culture The culture in different countries greatly varies and so is the perception regarding the older people. In some countries the older adults are not given the appropriate care and respect which they deserve while in some countries it is completely reverse. In Japan, it is an old culture to consider the older people as wiser than young people (Mayumi et. al., 2011). This makes them to get all the privileges such as respect in the family and society as well as appropriate care. This reduces the pressure on the healthcare system as the family members of the older adults provide appropriate care to them. There is a major difference between in the culture of Singapore and Japan particularly in terms of treatment with the older adults. It has also been suggested that there is persistence of some stereotypes towards the older adults in Singapore. This creates some major problems as the elderly would not receive appropriate care in the society; thereby, building more pressure on the healthcare sector. This is because the healthcare teams would need to provide additional facilities to the ageing population to meet their healthcare needs. The Singapore and Japan have to deal with the ageing population in different manner as both of these countries have different cultural aspects. In case of the prior, the healthcare departments have to take extra efforts and the government needs to formulate policies that can help the older adults to live independently and meet their healthcare requirements. On the contrary, there is less pressure on the healthcare services in Japan due to the fact that there culture is more protective for the ageing population and the society has better treatment towards the older adults. Conclusion There has been a major demographic change in the Asian countries due to the fact that their ageing population is rising at a very fast pace. The continual improvement in healthcare facilities has led to an increase in the life expectancy and decrease in the rate of mortality. The education has allowed the women to give birth to less children as they want to give better lifestyle to their family and the continual increase in expenses can be a limiting factor in providing education and other facilities to the children. The government have formulated several policies to deal with the challenges that have arisen due to the increase in the ageing population at both national and international level. The culture of the countries is an important aspect for formulating the policies to manage the ageing population as there is a vast difference in culture of different countries. Thus, it is vital to keep the cultural values in mind to tackle the challenges of ageing population. References: Pettinger, T. (2016, 20 July). The Impact of an Ageing Population on the Economy. Retrieved from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/8950/society/impact-ageing-population-economy/ Choudhary, S. R. (2015, 9 Dec). Heres Why East Asia could be In Big Trouble. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/08/east-asia-could-be-in-trouble-due-to-aging-population-world-bank-says.html Borji, H.S. (2016, 25 July). 4 Global Economic Issues of An Ageing Population. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/011216/4-global-economic-issues-aging-population.asp Harper, S. (2006, 1 Oct). Ageing Repositioned: Singapore in the New Global Demography. Retrieved from https://www.cscollege.gov.sg/Knowledge/Ethos/Issue%201%20Oct%202006/Pages/Ageing-Repositioned-Singapore-in-the-New-Global-Demography.aspx Roy, S. (2014). Baby Boom Generation in Singapore and its Impact on Ageing. Retrieved from https://waset.org/publications/9997944/baby-boom-generation-in-singapore-and-its-impact-on-ageing The Associated Press McClatchy Newspapers. (2007, 2 April). Baby Boomers Retirement Starting to Shake Up Japan. Retrieved from https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/baby-boomers-retirement-starting-to-shake-up-japan/ McDonald, P. (2008, March). Very Low Fertility Consequences, Causes and Policy Approaches. Retrieved from https://www.ipss.go.jp/webj-ad/WebJournal.files/Population/2008_4/02mcdonald.pdf Honolulu. (2010, 15 Dec). Causes and Effects of Low Fertility in Asia. Retrieved from https://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/causes-and-effects-of-low-fertility-in-asia Tsuya, N. (n.d.). The Impacts of Population Decline in Japan: Demographic Prospects and Policy Implications. Retrieved from https://www.suntory.com/sfnd/jgc/forum/005/pdf/005_tsuya.pdf Trends in Adult Mortality in Singapore. (2010, 24 June). Retrieved from https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/Publications/information_papers/2010/trend_in_adult_mortalityinsingapore.html Garza, A. (2016, 19 Jan). The Ageing Population: The Increasing Effects on Health Care. Retrieved from https://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/issue/2016/january2016/the-aging-population-the-increasing-effects-on-health-care Policies for Revitalisation of Japan. (2012, April). Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/general/50190618.pdf Goh, O. (2006, 1 Oct). Successful Ageing-A Review of Singapore s Policy Approaches. Retrieved from https://www.cscollege.gov.sg/Knowledge/Ethos/Issue%201%20Oct%202006/Pages/Successful-Ageing-A-Review-of-Singapores-Policy-Approaches.aspx Shankardass, M.K. (2011). Policy Initiatives on Population Ageing in Select Asian Countries and their Relevance to the Indian Context. Retrieved from https://www.isec.ac.in/BKPAI%20Working%20paper%206.pdf Smith, J. P. (2012). Preparing for Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Infrastructure for Science and Policy. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK109218/ Mayumi, et. al. (2011, 30 Sep). Cultural Perspectives on Aging and Well-Being: A Comparison of Japan and the U.S. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183740/#R24

Planning functions

Planning is a decision making process. It helps one to decide on what to do and how to do it. There are six steps to follow when planning. First and foremost, one has to analyze the situation. Two constraints are very important at this stage and they are time and resources. Gathering of information and interpreting is done at this stage. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Planning functions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, a summary of all the relevant information is done. Identification and diagnosing planning assumptions is done. In addition issues and problems are identified. The second step is having alternative goals and plans. Alternative goals that can be implemented later are provided. It also gives plans used to implement the goals. Thirdly, evaluation of goals and plans is done. Advantages and disadvantages on alternative goals and plans are evaluated. Also, the possible effects of the goals and pl ans are evaluated at this stage. Fourthly, selection of the goals and plans is carried out. The most appropriate and feasible goals and plans are selected. Right judgment is crucial at this stage. In the fifth step, implementation of the designed plans takes place. This helps one to achieve the set goals. To implement a plan, the manager must understand it well. Also, resources to implement the plan must be available. Finally, monitoring and controlling are important. These help one to know whether his/ her plan is succeeding. Continuous monitoring of the actual performance against unit’s goal should be done. Implementation is the most important step in planning. The reason behind this is that implementation of plans helps in achieving the set goals (Darlkir, 7). There are three types of plans that can be used in different organizations. These include, single used plans, standing plan, and contingency plan. Single-use plans are used in activities that are done only once. The y are one time-time use plans. They also have specific goals. They may be used for duration of few days. In addition, they may last for a number of years. Projects and programs are good examples of single-use plans. Also, budgets can be considered as single-use plans. The activities involved are like the special sales program. Programs cover ‘who’ and ‘what’ in an activity. It also covers ‘where’, and ‘how’ the activity will be done (Ingram, para.3). Standing plans are applied in activities that take a long time to complete. In some cases it might be indefinite time. They can be adjusted so as to cater for the changing situations. Mostly they are created from information from different sources over a longer period. They also cover several departments in an organization. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Examples of standin g plans are policies, a procedure and rules (Ingram, para.4). Contingency plans are meant for specific situations. This is incase things don’t move as expected. Contingency planning involves flexibility and adaptation. Also, mastery is needed due to the changing conditions. They include planning for marketing. The reason behind is to get support from the stakeholders. In addition, they allow for understanding from the stakeholders (Ingram, para.5). In our organization we usually use standing plan. The reason behind is that we usually deal with activities that need much time before completion. Also, in our organization we have many different departments where this kind of planning is more applicable. From the above literature, I have been able to learn that planning is one of the key aspects in any organization. Implementation of a plan is one of the most important steps in any planning. Implementation helps in achieving the already set goals. Without the implementation of a plan, the other work done during the planning process will be of no importance. Different plans can be applied in different organizations. The kind of plan to be used depends on the type of activities taking places in an organization. Works Cited Darlkir, Kimiz. Knowledge management in theory and practice. New York: Technology partner. 2011. Print. Ingram, David. Define single use, contingency standing plans for business. January 26, 2011. April 22, 2011. This essay on Planning functions was written and submitted by user Ali Christensen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.