Golflogix Case Study Essay

Analysis: Market numbers suggest a much larger market of golfers as opposed to that of the golf courses. Units sold to target market differs with the target market in the case of golf courses because 60 units per golf course are sold. However, with various segmentation techniques, it can be concluded that the golfers who would buy the Distance-only or Complete System, would be those who measured their performance by measuring their handicap, thus forming the first target market within the golfers. Discouragingly, this was only 20% of the golfers. Also, the golfer market would further be divided by 4. Since a game usually consists of 4 players, only one of them would need the device, regular players may share the cost. Although the distance-only system is easy to get up and running, when sold directly to the golfers, the golfers would themselves need to outfit their green on the golf course. This would take away from the key value proposition to the golf courses that is ‘pace of play†™. Golf courses may need to charge an initial amount to the new customers (golfers) to take into account time spent in setting up the distance-only system. Also with the technical setup requirements of the Complete-System, it would be almost impossible for a golfer to do it himself. Also, with the golf-course channel, it will be easier to lock-in the golfers. The real benefit of the â€Å"Complete System† would be realizable to the end-user (golfers) when they see improvements in their game with their regular use of the system. Thus, locking the golf courses in who will push to throw in the system to the golfers per round would make its value proposition realizable. Sales to golf courses involve a three year lease, thus a guaranteed three year revenue stream and also the equipment can be reused elsewhere. If Golflogix goes with both channels, one may end up cannibalizing the other.  If devices are sold directly to golfers, golf-courses may not see any value in buying them, since their revenue in turn on the rent of the devices would not be guaranteed. Similarly, golfers would not buy the system if they knew golf-courses already provided it with a nominal fee. It is also noted that 80% of golfers played on public courses, which required a daily green fee. This was promising for the public golf courses channel, since with a per round fees, golf courses would make up for the cost of the golf logix systems much faster. Within the golf-courses, it would be beneficial to begin with the public courses. Surveys performed by the GolfLogix team, had compelling results. 80% of the golfers reported that they would regularly use the system if it were available on the courses they played. Also, 70% reported that they would be willing to pay $1-$3 per round. Appendix A is an income statement (with certain assumptions) that at the end lists the operating income per revenue stream. We see that with the retail channel, we lose one revenue stream. Up-selling to a Complete-system becomes easier with golf-courses. And although even the sum of the revenues through golf-courses is lesser than the revenue for Distance-only for golfers, two key points need to be kept in mind: 1) The equipment with the golf-courses channel is reusable, and thus costs incurred in the next three years will be lesser, and 2) # of units sold to golfers may reduce by 4, since the game is played in groups of 4. (# of unit numbers is derived from the market numbers above. A 1% penetration is assumed in the first three years ) Appendix A Golfers Golf courses Income Statement Distance Only Complete System Distance Only Complete System Revenue per unit $ 300 $ – $ 54,000 $ 72,000 # of units 267,000 $ – 170 170 Total revenue $ 80,100,000 $ – $ 9,180,000 $ 12,240,000 Cost of Goods Sold per unit $ 200 $ – $ 12,000 $ 17,000 # of units 267,000 170 170 Total cost $ 53,400,000 $ – $ 2,040,000 $ 2,890,000 Gross Margin $ 26,700,000 $ – $ 7,140,000 $ 9,350,000 Operating Expenses $ 2,700,000 $ – $ 2,700,000 $ 3,000,000 Setup Expenses $ – $ – $ 85,000 $ 340,000 Operating Income $ 24,000,000 $ – $ 4,355,000 $ 6,010,000

The Comparison of Poll Tax Country” to Black Like Me

â€Å"The Comparison of Poll Tax Country† to Black like Me John Griffin was a normal white man living an average life. He like many other whites knew that people of color were discriminated against, but he never really knew how much the color of one’s skin made a difference in the way people act. If Griffin had seen â€Å"poll tax country† he would have seen racism in a new light. Griffin’s experiment was to go down south as a colored man to learn the truth of how life was a black man. By look at the painting â€Å"Poll Tax Country,† one can see who had the power in early-1900s Southern society.After slavery blacks were still discriminated against and had to travel miles just to find a bathroom for blacks. â€Å"Poll Tax Country† shows a new perspective on how blacks were treated as people and how was each others back was the only thing that kept them going. In â€Å"Poll Tax Country,† a detail that stood out was the columns that held up the roof of the platform. One of the columns matches those of the Supreme Court and the White House. The different columns symbolize different branches and groups of people that came together to makes laws to keep blacks in debt in certain areas.The column have historical significance: columns have been used since the times of the ancient Egyptians and Romans. Both civilizations had slaves to build monuments that would withstand the test of time. Similarly, the people who built the New World were indentured servants who came to the New World with the hope of starting a new life. Slaves have played a big role in society as far back as the ancient Egyptians, building towns and monuments that still stand today. The columns connect to slavery – without slaves, many of today’s wonders might not exist.Slavery is a dark time in every society’s history. However, slaves had a major contribution to the forming of nations. The first slaves of this nation came with the s ettlers that came from England. As time when on, Africans were packed on ships and brought here to be sold into slavery. Many whites like John Griffin, knew about slavery and heard many stories about it. However, in the 1940’s they never understood the extent of racism down south. When John Griffin went down south as a black man the way he was treated was very different from how he was treated as a white man.As a white man masked in black he was able to see how black people really interacted with each other. Also, he was able to see how whites really saw blacks and how they interacted with them. As one white hunter who gave Griffin a ride in Alabama said, â€Å"I’ll tell you how it is here. We’ll do business with you people. We’ll sure as hell screw your women. Other than that, you’re just completely off the record as far as we’re concerned. †(Griffin111). Griffin described this man as an ordinary, respectable family man. It is only t o black people that he revealed his ugly, racist sickness.Sadly, his words reflect the attitude of many white racists in the South. What John Griffin learned that day was very important because although slaves did the work, they are not glorified in textbooks and were mostly forgotten. John Griffin talked about how an educated black that could afford to vote, answered many questions that many people would not know how to answer; he did not get to vote because the government work would give him a poll test he could not pass. The court system was not always fair and laws were made to keep African Americans from voting so whites could keep control.In â€Å"poll tax country,† in the middle of the gazebo among all the different people is a priest. A man of god that should fair to all people is on the side of the men trying to keep you down. They had no god or person to turn to in their darkest hour African American were being squeezing down on to feel pressured. As slaves, they ca nnot not trust outsiders; they had to live in packs and work back to back. In the picture the works were almost on top of each working an area that could be manned by two to three people at the max. doesn’t make sense. This was a gang – they worked together and protected each other to survive.John Griffin saw many things in his experiment that put things into perspective. As a black man he was degraded by whites who felt that they were superior to him. Society strived to keep African Americans controlled so whites would remain dominant. Down south that made it hard for blacks to vote, get good jobs, or even use public bathroom. The whites that cashed their cash always seemed to need more that what was on the check. Doesn’t make sense the poor working black was always in debt. Griffin brought up a story about a well educated black man who wanted to vote but was never able o because the official gave him a test that was unfair and they both knew that he would not pass it. â€Å"I can read the headline†¦ It says this one negro in Mississippi who’s not going to get to vote this year. † (Griffin, 81). In this joke by P. D. East about the voting rights for blacks in the South, a black man who wants to vote is given a newspaper in Chinese in order to test his literacy. East tells the joke to shine a light on the problem facing blacks being prohibited from voting in the South. By preventing blacks from voting, whites removed their voice in matters.This way the law stayed on the side of the whites, and blacks never had a chance to make changes. In the painting, a congressman stands in front preaching to the people and filling their heads with empty words. However, shadowing the congress man is a KKK member that looks as if he is in control of what the congressman says. The audience has stopped listening to the words they have heard many times before. They have lost hope in their government that represents only the white people, k nowing that the people who lynch them are the same ones who hold public offices.Many have lost hope in seeing the change that they were promised, still working like slaves 90 years after the Civil War. John Griffin had never known how blacks felt about politicians because he had never faced laws that made it harder to get by everyday as a white man. To him the government was a government by the people for the people, but in fact government was mostly run by white, racists and even members of the KKK. Being black showed Griffin the double standards of this government of, for, and by the people.As a white man he could go to white facilities or black facilities if he chose, and he could enter, do, and say as he pleases. However, as a black man he could only go to black facilities and he had to respect whites. A white man when into a black facility on day and put up a file stating that any black man willing to bring young black female to them will get paid. The fact that white men had t he power to do such things is degrading both to a man as well as to the entire African- race. While whites were promoting pimping and prostitution, the government was simply looking the other way.However, the government imposed a steep fine on hunting alligators. The fact that a poor sawmill worker who lived on the swamp with his wife and six children could not hunt the alligators endangered his family every day: â€Å"I’ll tell you—if we don’t have meat to cook with the beans, why she just goes ahead and cooks the beans anyhow. † (Griffin111). When Griffin traveled through the rural swamp country in Alabama, he met a poor black sawmill worker who offered him a place to stay on the floor of his shack. Griffin is touched by the man’s generosity.The man and his wife are thankful for what they have. If there is no meat to cook, the man notes, his wife doesn’t complain; she just serves beans. Realistically, the man has enough meat around his hom e to feed his family for many years to come. However, because governments know that most blacks would benefit from alligator meat, they impose fines that whites could afford to pay off but not blacks. That night John Griffin thought of his kids and how they were living right now, and how if he and his family were not white they too might be reduced to this squalid standard of living.Griffin had been black for a couple of weeks and was sick to his stomach from his experience he couldn’t handle it anymore. Blacks had to handle much abuse from whites that want to keep controlling them on a daily basis but yet they stood strong to the end. â€Å"Black like me† and â€Å"Poll Tax Country† share many ideas of what racism was really like down south. John Griffins experiment showed how a normal, kind-looking family man could become so cruel to another human due to the color of the skin. He showed how the government squeezed down on anyone that was not white by any means available.Blacks could not turn for help from the government, or the even the men of god. They were made into second class citizens that had little to no rights and every apportioned was give to white society. Courts were run by whites who were prejudice, the government was filled with racists and the rest was manipulated by the very men that felt they were the only one’s fit to roam the lands. Blacks were being degraded to keep their hopes down and to control them. Keeping control by making them second class citizens and in debt there whole life makes them less likely to rebel because they would feel less likely to win.

Rhetorical Analysis of a Modest Proposal Essay

Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† written in 1729 was his proposal â€Å"for preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to he publick† (Swift, Title). This proposal included the selling, skinning and buying of babies at the age of one. This proposal that he has come up with is a very inhuman and controversial one when it comes to being socially acceptable. Swift begins his essay by describing walking down a street in Ireland. He describes how you would see, â€Å"beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms† (Swift, Para. 1). This gives the reader a mental picture of how bad things are for the women he is trying to help. Swift then talks about how there are very many of these poor people in Ireland and how they are not able to be part of the middle or working class. Look more:  how to write satire essay He then proposes his idea that the children could, â€Å"contribute to the feeding, and partly to the cloathing of many thousands† (Swift, Para. 4). In no way, shape, or form is the eating of or the using of children in this manner acceptable. No society would ever find it suitable to eat or make babies into clothes. Dr. Swift has made a proposal that he should know would not work because of the inhumanity that it is asking people in which to participate. Jonathan Swift later tells the reader of how he has, â€Å"computed the charge of nursing a beggar’s child (in which list I reckon all cottagers, labourers, and four-fifths of the farmers) to be about two shillings per annum, rags included; and I believe no gentleman would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child,† (Swift, Para. 14). This is a good thing that Swift does telling how the mother would stand to make money on selling her child to a man for dinner. Except, I do not believe you couldn’t find a willing mother to sell her child knowing that it would be eaten by a human for a meal. Dr. Swift has made a plan for people with no remorse or thought of their children. The only place this plan could be carried out and continue working is a place with robots that have no feeling or conscious. Swift then makes the statement, â€Å"Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may flea the carcass; the skin of which, artificially dressed, will make admirable gloves for ladies, and summer boots for fine gentlemen,† (Swift, Para. 15). He thinks that someone would be able to treat a baby’s skin as an animal’s and make it into a glove or boot without objection to what it is. This is another flaw in his plan. There are people who are against making animals into clothing. Therefore, I am sure that there would be people against the making of clothes from baby. Next, Dr. Swift gives 6 reasons of why he thinks the plan is a good one. His second reason states, â€Å"Secondly, The poorer tenants will have something valuable of their own, which by law may be made liable to a distress, and help to pay their landlord’s rent, their corn and cattle being already seized, and money a thing unknown,† (Swift, Para. 22). He thinks that poor tenants with children will be able to give their landlords something valuable by giving them their child. No landlord would take a child as a means of money because it just costs more money to them to have the child then without it. In his fourth reason Swift says, â€Å"Fourthly, The constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children, will be rid of the charge of maintaining them after the first year,† (Swift, Para. 24) If the people who like to â€Å"breed† hear of this then they will just think that they will be able to keep having children and selling them instead of having a job. This would cause more jobless people and after so long the supply of the babies would surpass the demand. There then would be poor children hanging on their mothers again in the street defeating the purpose of the plan in the beginning. Fifthly Dr. Swift says, â€Å"This food would likewise bring great custom to taverns, where the vintners will certainly be so prudent as to procure the best receipts for dressing it to perfection; and consequently have their houses frequented by all the fine gentlemen, who justly value themselves upon their knowledge in good eating; and a skilful cook, who understands how to oblige his guests, will contrive to make it as expensive as they please,† (Swift, Para. 5). Again, I refer back to how people would not be able to eat the carcass of an one year old child, but also I think that if you were to find a cook to make this and a person to eat it that it would be at such an outrageous price that the people could not afford to try the meal of the baby. Finally, the last reason I do not think that this plan would work is what is in the final paragraph of the essay-â€Å"I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavouring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the publick good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. † (Swift, Para. 33). If the person that is proposing the idea at the end of the idea tells you that he has no interest in promoting his own proposal, I believe that it means he thinks that it also will not work and could not be enacted on a society. I am not the only one that is outraged or appalled with the works of Dr. Swift. Patrick Delany also states â€Å"As I have marked the passages that seemed to me most faulty, and gave me most offence, I beg leave to point them out, as they come in my way: without any further preface, or apology. The picture he draws of the Yahoos, is too offensive to be copied, even in the slightest sketch. † (Kathleen, Pg. 132). Delany and I are both offended and disagree with Swift’s works, but as a satire writer this just shows how effective his writing is on his audience. He tries to use outrageous and controversial subjects in order to grab the attention of his readers and keep them reading his papers. This style works very well and is a great way to get your point across. This style has grabbed the attention of all the readers and will continue to grab the attention of all the future readers of his essay.

Domestic Violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Domestic Violence - Research Paper Example The strongest theory amongst all, however, is the feminist theory that explains domestic violence in the light of unequal power resting with individuals of the opposite gender. It typically points out that the unequal balance of power translates into the subordination of female authority over male authority. In other words, the feminist theory emphasizes the fact that domestic violence (against women) is a natural outcome that arises out of men’s urge to control (McCue, 2008). These imbalances in power are most persistent in patriarchal setups where the structure of the society denies equal opportunity to women in the socioeconomic and political arena (McCue, 2008). These societal imbalances have a ripple effect on the family which is demonstrated in men’s use of coercive power against women which they perceive as control. A primary example of this is demonstrated in the works of Dobash and Dobash who empirically researched that patriarchal systems contribute to female abuse and that such a system is reinforced by the socioeconomic structure of the society (Dobash & Dobash, 1979). ... In such societies, it is commonplace to see women working as housewives (taking care of the husband and the children) and men going out of the house to earn a living (Eswaran & Malhotra, 2011). Therefore, the feminist theorists argue that these pre-described notions of gender roles and the inevitable power that men exercise over women helps explain domestic violence to a large extent. Since men are ascribed primary roles in the society, they are granted access to privileged resources whereas women are ascribed secondary roles and are considered inferior. In an interesting research conducted on villages in a state in Southern India, Rao discovered that females who had little control over the allocation of resources in their households were the ones who experienced greater domestic violence (Rao, 1997). Feminists argue that early social experiences of women perpetuate these gender roles and condition them to become a part of them. For instance, the mother is required to serve â€Å"co ffee† to the father before he goes to work and that young girls â€Å"play house† at home (Eswaran & Malhotra, 2011). Therefore, males develop the right to be violent towards their female counterparts due to these gender role differences. Poor education and low socioeconomic status also contribute to greater violence under this theory. According to a research, households with lower level of education experienced greater domestic abuse than otherwise (Eswaran & Malhotra, 2011). Furthermore, households where men were employed (indicating high socioeconomic status) experienced less incidents of domestic violence than otherwise. Also, as pointed out by Bloch and Rao, males with weak bargaining power tend to resort to domestic violence which proves to

The Holocaust and Los Desaparecidos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Holocaust and Los Desaparecidos - Essay Example In the case of Hitler, it is clear that he was responsible for the Holocaust. However, it is difficult to name the culprit for Los Desaparecidos because there are several people involved. Politically, Leopoldo Galtieri was the last president of Argentina during 1981-82 when Los Desaparecidos was active. This was the time when he ill-advisedly annexed the Falkland Islands and resigned subsequently when the British retook Falkland Islands through military action. However, he supported the coup to overthrow Isabel Peron in 1976, and steadily rose up in the military ranks ultimately becoming the Commander-in-Chief (Leopoldo Galtieri). Hitler was responsible for the extermination of six million Jews, an unparalleled action in history. He caused the deaths and mayhem of millions more in Germany and in the rest of the world. Los Desaparecidos may not equal Hitler in this regard. But Argentina had its share of horrors involving thousands of left-wing dissidents in the "dirty war" as the 1976-83 conflict came to be known. Hitler was repressive with his own people. Thousands disappeared in Argentina between 1976 and 1982. Some quote the figure as up to 30,000 people who disappeared. What happened to them There are chilling accounts of young dissidents being thrown from helicopters into rivers Certainly there are glaring differe... What happened to them There are chilling accounts of young dissidents being thrown from helicopters into rivers Certainly there are glaring differences. Hitler set the stage to conquer Europe. The dictator who ruled Argentina then, Leopoldo Galtieri, tried similar tactic when he closed the borders with Chile over a dispute involving two islands below the southern tip of South America, and annexed the Falklands Islands from the British Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria. Leopoldo Galtieri was born into a working class family of Italian immigrants in Buenos Aires in 1926. Hitler served in the German army during the First World War. Galtieri was not born when World War I was fought. Hitler conquered Poland, Austria, Belgium, France, and Holland in quick succession. Galtieri had no such vision. He only closed the doors on Chile over two disputed islands (Isobel Hilton). Galtieri's military was not advanced enough for conquests. The Falkland War exposed the wide chinks in the Argentine army's armor. Hitler grew up with a poor record at school and left, before completing his tuition, with an ambition to become an artist. He continued to have troubled times as a youth and grew up hating the Jews, the Marxists, liberalism and the cosmopolitan Habsburg monarchy. Believing that fate had chosen him to avenge the humiliation of defeat by Germany in World War I, he founded the Nazi party and single-mindedly rose through its ranks using intrigue and fascinating promises to his countrymen to become the Chancellor of Germany (Adolf Hitler). Galtieri joined the Argentine military academy at 17 and graduated as an officer in 1949 from the United States School of the Americas in Panama. He drew praises from United States

Realism and Idealism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Realism and Idealism - Essay Example Take for instance a U.S. nation where every citizen is inclined to get by the latest trends in technology and relevant aspects of industrialization or the modern thinking of wellness by achieving personal satisfaction through continuous individual endeavor, an increase in self-respect is established as a consequence. With an improved sense of well-being, one chooses to act with freedom that yields a more conscious attachment to the golden rule of acting with liberty yet preserving the value of not causing any potential impedance on anyone’s path. Because a person at this stage is shaped by a justice model aimed at even distribution of resources, one learns the essence of working interdependently so that the desired individual objectives are made capable of casting reflections that affect others in the similar manner. The outcome of the conceptualized justice in application should however ensure agreement on base policies that constitute every individual’s freedom in rel ation to the welfare of the rest of the society. In this fashion, J. Rawls took to account the social contract proposed by Locke as well as the equal allocation of all social primary goods. While the typical odds may direct it to the risks of acquiring a communist profile along with the corresponding disadvantages thereof, American culture has become sufficiently flexible to adopt an ideology patterned after Rawls’ proposition. If liberty, wealth, opportunity, and confidence have been met in the process such that these good attributes.

Business & International Trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business & International Trade - Assignment Example The two main parts of the current account are the balances of visible and invisible trade (goods and services) and both of these are affected by the exchange rate of a country against others. The basic types of exchange rates are floating exchange rate, where the market dictates movements in the exchange rate; pegged float, where a central bank keeps the rate from deviating too far from a target band or value; fixed exchange rate, which ties the currency to another currency, mostly more widespread currencies such as the U.S. dollar or the euro or a basket of currencies. If the economy of UK has a large and persistent deficit on its balance of payments, then serious economic problems could result, such as: †¢ A fall or depreciation in the value of ?‘s exchange rate (Campbell, 2007, p.110-114) †¢ A decline in the country’s reserves of foreign currency †¢ An unwillingness of foreign investors to put money into the economy. The business importance of these pro blems is likely to be most serious if: †¢ The exchange rate depreciation (or frequent fluctuations in the exchange rate) make importing and exporting too risky (Bean, 2002, p.276) — see section below on exchange rates †¢ The government takes corrective actions by, for example, limiting foreign exchange transactions and putting substantial controls on imports, such as tariffs and quotas (Dale & Haldane, 2005, p.1611-26). This policy (protectionist policy), used currently by Zimbabwe, might have short-term benefits by reducing imports of competitors’ products. However, serious consequences could also result. The policy could lead to retaliation by other countries that will then reduce export demand. Also, import controls are serious for firms that depend on imported supplies of raw materials. Question: How would an increase in the value of the ? against the $ and/or the â‚ ¬ affect the price of UK exports and imports into the UK? (2.1a) Answer: When demand f or a currency exceeds supply, its value will rise. This is called an appreciation because one unit of the currency will buy more units of other currencies. Exchange rate depreciation, on the other hand, is a fall in the external value of a currency as measured by its exchange rate against other currencies. If ?1 increases in value from â‚ ¬2 to â‚ ¬1.5, the value of the ? has appreciated (Fisher et al, 2007, p.19). The domestic firms that would gain from an appreciation of the country’s currency are: †¢ Importers and exporters in the UK of foreign raw materials and components, for whom the domestic currency cost, of these imports will be falling — this increases their competitiveness. †¢ Importers and exporters in the UK of foreign manufactured goods, who are’ able to import the product more cheaply in terms of domestic currency —in 2008, it was claimed that European importers of US-produced cars were profiteering at the expense of consume rs(Britton & Whitley, 2007,p. 152-62). This was because, although the import price of cars was falling due, to the appreciation of the euro against the US dollar, they were not selling them more cheaply to European consumers. Hence, they were taking advantage of the appreciation to make much higher profits (Calvo, 2003, p.383-98). †¢ Lower import prices will help to reduce the rate of inflation for the whole economy and all firms are likely to gain from this more stable position. The domestic fir

Three Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three Questions - Case Study Example As the paper stresses there are certain HR. principles that have materialized into strategic practices at the organization. One of them is the principle of training human resources continuously to save on financial resources of the firm. This tenet has been implemented as a strategy in that the firm sends various heads of departments to benchmark or attend training conferences with discussions for instance, about improved methods of technical and scientific revolution. The firm also employs the services of a company psychologist to assist employees cope with their different stressing issues.  From this case study it is clear that in line with the principle of employee motivation, differentiation and establishment of remuneration according to the weight or intensity of work coupled with qualitative and quantitative performance, the firm ensures that hardworking employees are acknowledged and rewarded. For instance, the firm has a policy of recognizing the employee of the month. This is usually the worker who has successfully completed most projects and has done them well. The corporation has also made an effort to provide its workers with health insurance coverage in case of any medical emergencies that they and/or their families may encounter. This is in accordance to the fundamental principle of human resource management or labour protection if employees are faced with the risk of accidents or illnesses in the line of work.

The attractiveness of investing in islamic mutual funds Research Proposal

The attractiveness of investing in islamic mutual funds - Research Proposal Example The British government acclaims that United Kingdom is the principal hub for Islamic economics out of the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) region. Countries such as Malaysia have distinct clear policy intentions for growth. In retrospect, studies have confirmed that Britain is the global pioneer for Islamic business education. Islamic pecuniary services are obtainable in Britain by approximately two dozen commercial banks comprising of Barclays, HSBC, as well as RBS. HSBC’s Islamic business department Amanah, which is predominantly the market leader, realised an almanac asset evolution of over 50% in 2007 and 2008 period. Later down the line, the bank had grown its Islamic investment return to almost ten times this amount by the year 2013. This growth is owed to the fact that as Shari’a rule forbids many high-risk doings. Islamic fiscal services have overtime been less influenced by the credit catastrophes than their orthodox counterparts, which swells this appeal. Wester n nations like the US or Switzerland are also endorsing their Islamic fiscal services to appeal to investors. As a multibillion-dollar business within Islamic economics and Islamic share, Islamic mutual funds stand as a gold mine to both Muslims and non-Muslims in the global economic sphere. Over seven hundred Islamic joint funds are presently offered, which concentrate on a diversity of different resources for instance equities, asset finance, as well as real property. Despite the fact that this section of the investment market holds so much potential little information on why it is attractive to investors have been done. In this paper, a sample of Saudi Arabian investors and Islamic mutual funds executives was made to make sense of the phenomenon Despite the fact that Islamic investment has been viewed as a growing and a potentially gold mine venture, the reason why venture is related to the industry’s restricted nature by a couple

Journalism should not be just a trade , it should be a crusade Essay

Journalism should not be just a trade , it should be a crusade . should journalists have a moral responsibility to stand up fo - Essay Example As we all know,  information is power, and if this power is concentrated into the hands of only a few, may lead to inappropriate handling or abuse of the power. It is for this reason, shared power is a safer option for the benefit of the entire society, and it is here that the journalists play the important role of redistributing this power of information. Since journalists have the task of redistributing information, in the process, they may partake in some of the power which is associated with information, and it is here that the role of ethics and responsibilities comes into play. Ethics is a form of commitment where one pledges not to abuse power, and to use the accorded freedom with responsibility, which is never an easy task. There is always an underlying tension between the ethics of freedom and responsibility. Here the dynamics between these two contending ethical factors in respect to an individual or a society can be divided into two main perspectives. The libertarian per spective (of the Enlightenment era), gives more emphasis on the freedom of an individual or the rational being. This perspective has been always prevalent in the US form of journalism, where the press has been accorded complete freedom, at least theoretically. The other view is the communitarian perspective, which emphasises on establishing social or  community connections, with certain responsibilities on both sides, which was clearly outlined in the Hutchins Commission on Freedom of the Press  published in 1947. The report brought in the theory of ‘social responsibility,’ where the press was said to be under moral obligations to work for the general well being of the society; and the modern concept of ‘civic journalism movement’ was formed, based on these guidelines as given in the Commission (Nerone, 1995, 77-100). In this article, I will examine the various theories of journalism, and will analyse, to come to a conclusion as to whether the journalis ts should have a moral responsibility to stand up for the weak against the powerful within a society? Discussion Ethics and journalism: Ethics is the process of analysing and evaluating certain facts and situations, and identifying the correct conduct in the light of the various principles and the prevalent social and religious norms of a particular time. Here the basic question does not simply end at asking as to how one can live well, but also puts in the question as to how one should live by the rules of one’s ethics, while foregoing some of the personal advantages, and even face persecution, as he carries on with his ethical duties. Ethical reasoning is often based on personal interpretations, as one examines and changes his principles, in view of the available new types of information and technology, and new social conditions (Ward, 2007). Ethics thus encompasses both the aspects of theoretical and one’s personal practical reasoning. As regards theoretical reasoni ng, ethics is the study of the various existing forms of ethics, and the types of prevalent ethical reasoning, and of the neutrality of the moral/ ethical principles. In case of practical reasoning, ethics is â€Å"applied ethics,† or the application of the ethical principles to check their suitability in the various dimensions of life domains like while dealing with scientific research, professional work, and also in corporate governance (Dimock & Tucker, 2004). Journalism is a type of ‘applied ethics,’ which involves the analysis and the application of

Cross Cultural Management in the Context of Business Objects Essay

Cross Cultural Management in the Context of Business Objects - Essay Example Every organization has a unique culture that gives it a special identity. Historically the word, ‘culture’, has been used differently in different subjects. Sometimes it is used to describe the sophistication of a person, whereas sometimes it is used by the anthropologists while they are describing the rituals and customs that different societies have developed over the passage of time. However, over the past few decades, the word is more used in organizational context. Experts and researchers have used the term in order to describe the practices and climate that have developed in the process of managing and handling the people in the organization (Schein, 2004). In today’s competitive business environment organizational culture is considered one of the most important factors that influence the individual performance and hence organizational performance. Management of culture becomes critical when there are people from different culture work together in the organi zation. Â  This paper is all about the management of organizational culture and various issues related to it in an organization named Business Objects. The report includes a brief overview of the organization and different problem regarding its culture. It also includes a detailed overview of the policy that should be implemented in the organization in order to solve and manage cross-cultural issues. Culture greatly influences the team performance especially when the team consists of people from the different cultural background. This report contains some possible solutions of problems regarding multicultural teams in the context of Business Objects. Â  Business Objects was established by Bernard Liautaud and one of his colleagues in 1990. The company started with software development.

Capital Account Convertibility Essay Example for Free

Capital Account Convertibility Essay Capital Account Convertibility. Should India adopt full convertibility? Capital Account Convertibility-or a floating exchange rate-is a feature of a nations financial regime that centers around the ability to conduct transactions of local financial assets into foreign financial assets freely and at market determined exchange rates. It is sometimes referred to as Capital Asset Liberation or CAC. CAC is mostly a guideline to changes of ownership in foreign or domestic financial assets and liabilities. Tangentially, it covers and extends the framework of the creation and liquidation of laims on, or by the rest of the world, on local asset and currency markets. Current account convertibility allows free inflows and outflows for all purposes other than for capital purposes such as investments and loans. In other words, it allows residents to make and receive trade-related payments receive dollars (or any other foreign currency) for export of goods and services and pay dollars for import of goods and services, make sundry remittances, access foreign currency for travel, studies abroad, medical treatment and gifts, etc. Capital account convertibility is considered to be one of the major features of a developed economy. It helps attract foreign investment. It offers foreign investors a lot of comfort as they can re-convert local currency into foreign currency anytime they want to and take their money away. At the same time, capital account convertibility makes it easier for domestic companies to tap foreign markets. At the moment, India has current account convertibility. This means one can import and export goods or receive or make payments for services rendered. However, investments and borrowings are restricted. But economists say that Jumping into capital account convertibility game without considering the downside of the step could harm the economy. The East Asian economic crisis is cited as an example by those opposed to capital account convertibility. Even the World Bank has said that embracing capital account convertibility without adequate preparation could be catastrophic. But India is now on firm ground given its strong financial sector reform and fiscal consolidation, and can now slowly but steadily move towards fuller capital account convertibility. CAC has 5 basic statements designed as points of All types of liquid capital assets must be able to be exchanged freely, between any two nations, with standardized exchange rates. The amounts must be a significant mount (in excess of $500,000). Capital inflows should be invested in semi-liquid assets, to prevent churning and excessive outflow. Institutional investors should not use CAC to manipulate fiscal policy or exchange rates. Excessive inflows and outflows should be buffered by national banks to provide collateral. Prior to its implementation, foreign investment was hindered by uneven exchange rates due to transactions, and national banks were disassociated from fiscal exchange policy and incurred high costs in supplying hard-currency loans for those few local companies that wished to do business abroad. Due to the low exchange rates and lower costs associated with Third World nations, this was expected to spur domestic capital, which would lead to welfare gains, and in turn lead to higher GDP growth. The tradeoff for such growth was seen as a lack of sustainable internal GNP growth and a decrease in domestic capital investments. When CAC is used with the proper restraints, this is exactly what happens. The entire outsourcing movement with Jobs and factories going oversees is a direct result of the foreign investment aspect of CAC. The Tarapore Committees recommendation of tying liquid assets to static assets (i. e. investing in long term government bonds, etc) was seen by many economists as directly responsible for stabilizing the idea of capital account liberalization. The Reserve Bank of India has appointed a committee to set out the framework for fuller Capital Account Convertibility. The Committee, chaired by former RBI governor S S Tarapore, was set up by the Reserve Bank of India in consultation with the Government of India to revisit the subject of fuller capital account convertibility in the context of the progress in economic reforms, the stability of the external and financial sectors, accelerated growth and global integration. Economists Surjit S Bhalla, M G Bhide, R H Patil, A V RaJwade and Alit Ranade were the members of the Committee. The Reserve Bank of India has also constituted an internal task force to re-examine the extant regulations and make recommendations to remove the operational impediments in the path of liberalisation already in place. The task force will make its recommendations on an ongoing basis and the processes are expected to be completed by December 4, 2006. The Task Force has been set up following a recommendation of the Committee. The Task Force will be convened by Salim Gangadharan, chief general manager, in- harge, foreign exchange department, Reserve Bank of India, and will have the following terms of reference: Undertake a review of the extant regulations that straddle current and capital accounts, especially items in one account that have implication for the other account, and iron out inconsistencies in such regulations. Examine existing repatriation/ surrender requirements in the context of current account convertibility and management of capital account. Identify areas where streamlining and simplification of procedure is possible and remove the operational impediments, especially in espect of the ease with which transactions at the level of authorized entities are regulations are consistent with regulatory intent. Review the delegation of powers on foreign exchange regulations between Central Office and Regional offices of the RBI and examine, selectively, the efficacy in the functioning of the delegation of powers by RBI to Authorised Dealers (banks). Consider any other matter of relevance to the above. The Task Force is empowered to devise its work procedure, constitute working groups in various areas, co-opt permanent/special invitees and meet various trade ssociations, representative bodies or individuals to facilitate its work.

The Phi Phi Islands

The Phi Phi Islands The Phi Phi Islands are situated in Thailand, between the large island of Phuket and the western coast of the mainland. It is consisted by group of islands such as Phi Phi Don, Phi Phi Lae, Bidanok, Bida Nai, Yoong, Pai, the largest of which is named Koh Phi Phi Don, the only one with permanent inhabitants on. As a scene of a British-American film ‘The Beach in 2000, this island came to a worldwide tourist attraction. Unfortunately it was trampled by the Indian Ocean Tsunami on December 2004, when almost every infrastructure on the island is destroyed. Till now, most of this has been restored and reopened to tourists all over the world. As established a national park of Thailand in 1983, the islands feature beaches and limpid sea water are under the protection of local government. Tourism on Phi Phi, like the rest part of Krabi province, has developed only very recent years. It was so natural that only the most adventurous visited this island staying in only the most basic accommodation in the early 1990s. Nowadays, however, this island is becoming one of the major destinations for travellers in Krabi. Compared to other islands nearby, Phi Phi islands are still highly less exploded, where no road on the largest island while the others are completely free of human inhabitants. Hence visitors would enjoy their casual vacation without hustle and bustle. Based on its idyllic tourism resource, hiking, snorkelling and diving are the activities most highly recommended by every tourism agency company. Meanwhile fishing, rock climbing and cliff jumping are enjoyed among their specific participants. Tourism System Identification Before starting to write a management plan, it is necessary to identify resources of main destination. Resources include natural resources, culture, capital and organizations. Natural resources are climate, water, geography and scenery. Culture is about historic sites, cuisine, religion, local celebrities. Capital includes infrastructure, transportation and financing. Organizations are including public and private sectors. Natural resources Ø Weather Phi Phi islands are located between the Pacific and the Indian. It is located about 50 km from Phuket. Because of its location, the weather is around 24 °C to 32 °C year round. From November to March is the best time to visit the island. However, local people enjoy from June to August. The reason is the weather is good and there are less people or tourists in famous sites. Ø Water and Geography In 1998, over 150,000 tourists visited Phi Phi islands and most of them are foreigners (Seenprachwong, 2001) because the Phi Phi has 3S. These are Sun, Sand and Sea. The sea is very beautiful and clean so that it is famous for scuba diving and swimming. The island is composed by limestone. Hence, it has a significant view of reefs. People even can see it clearly under the water. Moreover, in the south-east of Phi Phi Lay, there is a place called Viking Cave. The cave is full of wall paintings. Most paintings are elephants and boats. It is shown that people has lived in Phi Phi Island long time ago. Phi Phi Don is the biggest island. In the north of this island, there is called Laem Tong. It is a best place for scuba diving. The plentiful, various marine ecology is the most important reason. Beaches such as Ao Lodalum and Ao Ton Sai are also good places for tourists to have a relax moment in Phi Phi. Ø Scenery As this report mentioned before, Phi Phi is part of National Park in 1983. In 1990s there are more and more people came to Phi Phi Islands. There are two reasons. The first is that it is near to Phuket. When Phuket is crowded by tourists, some people will come to Phi Phi for enjoying a relaxing and quiet time. The second reason is that the island, Phi Phi Lay is the scene of the movie â€Å"The Beach†. This place is Maya Bay. Some of tourists will come here to have sightseeing and have an adventure to experience sceneries of the movie. Culture Phi Phi island is belonged to Krabi Province. The population of Krabi is about 458,000 in 2000. 60 percent of people are Buddhists. 40 percent are Muslims. It makes the place with plenty of events. For example, there is a celebration called â€Å"Songkran Festival† during the Thai New Year. People will celebrate by visiting temples, sprinkling water on Buddha images for showing respects to Buddha, and sprinkling water on each others hands for wishing good luck. However, it becomes a water fight in recent years. Everyone is crazy to pull water on each other, no matter friends, strangers, or tourists. There is no exception that people will not get wet on that day. The report has mentioned there is a Viking cave in Phi Phi Lay. The cave is full of ancient paintings. It is a place to discover ancient history. Because paintings include many kinds of boats, Chinese boats and European boats, this place might be a transfer harbour of trade or a shelter for mariners from storms. Most of hotels and restaurants are in Tonsai. The famous cuisine in Tosai is seafood. People sell fresh seafood which is caught in the morning to attract tourists. After sun sinks into the sea, many nightclubs, bars are lightening up. Some restaurants only open in the night. Capital Ø Infrastructure Since 1990, the tourism development makes this place more and more crowded. This development lets the environment in danger. When the movie â€Å"The Beach† filmed here, the company destroyed the environment by cutting down trees and planted coconut trees, building villas. This made a huge impact while tsunami hit Phi Phi islands in 2004. Most of buildings collapsed, around 70 percent. Thai government even prohibited people go to the island. After July, 2005, most buildings were rebuilt by government and about 300 shops and events started again. After this natural disaster, Thai government started to plant trees which were big enough to reduce damages by natural disasters. Also, they proposed an agenda to protect local environment by limiting the development of hotels and setting up the limitation of tourists. However, local people were against this proposal. There were near 1500 hotels and restaurants opened again in the end of 2005. Tonsai is the main place of tourists. There is a tourist information centre. There are few banks in Tonsai which is located in Phi Phi Don. However, there are no banks or ATMs on the east coast. People only can change or withdraw money here. Ø Transportations Phi Phi is near to Phuket and Krabi, only 50 km. There are two ways to go to Phi Phi. The first vehicle is ferries. People can take ferry form Phuket or Krabi. It takes 90 minutes. Moreover, people can travel by ferries with their cars. However, it only has two ferries each day. The other option is by speedboats. Companies are private. There are some speedboats companies to choose. It is more flexible then taking ferries. People can even get to their chosen resorts to save more time. The inner roads of islands are small. The island is small, about 28000 km ². Hence, the most famous vehicle which people can use is bicycle. Organizations Ø Public The number of tourists is increasing year by year. It was 2.5 million in 1981, and 11 million in 1993 to the national parkas. Because of this, the government revises laws year by year to solve the environmental problems. Hence, the Thai government had a proclamation of the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Environmental Quality Act. Of B.E. 2535 (1992). This Act is about prescribing how to manage, plan and maintain the environmental quality. There are some features of this Act, such as the polluter pays principles, designation of environmental conservation and protection zone, pollution control zone and special working group. Besides, The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) had an event which could awake peoples awareness of environmental conservation. The authority used many ways to tell people how to protect environment, such as media, TATs publications and news. TAT also trained youth people to have knowledge of conservation. There were some campaigns which were held in tourist destinations calling people from every community to clean destinations, such as â€Å"Beautiful Phuket† project. Ø Tsunami Warning System Tsunami warning system is established in 1949. It is a system which can predict where tsunami happens and warn people to reduce damages. There are 26 countries and states joining the system. Thailand is one of members. However, before 2004, there is no detection system in west coasts of Thailand. That is one reason why Puket and Phi Phi Island had a huge damage. After this, the government set up the system in west coasts. In last year, there is about 14.09 million tourists from everywhere to Thailand. Ø Private After tsunami hit Phi Phi Island, a resident in Phi Phi gathered local Thais and foreign volunteers to help people to live. The group was called â€Å"Hi Phi Phi†. First, they cleaned up Phi Phi Islands. Then, they help local people to repaint houses, hotels and replant trees. They were essentials and hopes for restaurants, bars and guesthouses in Phi Phi Island to support their life. Now, their mission is complete. The group is trying to help local people for setting up charities. Charities can assist people to reconstruction and take care of orphans in a long-term. Phi Phi Island is the renowned and alluring tourism destination in Thailand and in particular famous for its diversity of diving reefs and habitats. The regular tour activities of phi phi island include scene watching, fishing, diving, rock- climbing, sea kayaking and spas. Management Plan Ao Nang Tourism Strategy Steering Committee (ATSSC) is the regional institution based on Phi Phi Island and specific in exploring new tourism attractions; promote the resorts and public the up-to -date tourism information. ATSSC is the leader in achieving a sustainable tourism destination by balancing the economic profits and environmental, local cultural value in a regional and global context. The main target of the committee in 2010 is to project the â€Å"Phi Phi Island Tourism Development Program 2010†. Objectives First, combining the amazing natural resources and unique local cultures to foster the tourism industry as a viable sector of local economy(Stynes,D OHalloran,C,1987); to position the Phi Phi Island as the preferred four-season tourism and sports activities destination and build a recognizable even yearning image of Phi Phi Island among the travellers around the world. Second, to encourage marketing initiatives that based on the existing tourism resources and comparative advantages to promote tourism development. On the premise of not ruining environment, the committee and local communities try to explore new activities to attract more staying visitors through promotion and provision of visitor infrastructures, tour services and characteristic events. Third, to ensure the program is the well-managed process (D. Stynes C. OHalloran, 1987), keeping the tourism development with the carrying capabilities of the host community, balancing the needs of the travellers and needs of the local residence. The locals which live in the prime tourism location have great impact on the tourism development. One of the key objectives of the program is to gain a greater level of acceptance and support of local people, teach the locals to understand the impacts of tourism on local economy as well as to facilitate efforts to upgrade the quality of service, amenities and attractions. Tourism is the pillar industry in Phi Phi Island, the committee aims to create more job opportunities and foster the investment through the program so as to enhance the viability and sustainability of local economy. Tourism development is a systematic project which requires corporation among economic development agencies, the government representatives and tourism agencies(D. Stynes C. OHalloran,1987). One aim of the program is to gain genuine willingness to promote greater cooperation as well as to share responsibilities among different social sectors to facilitate the feasibility of the objectives and achieve the best results. AlternativesGeneration To generate tourism development alternatives requires some integrated analysis of local resources and demands of visitors. The committee present three tourism development plans as below: Ø International Water Sports Centre: Phi Phi Island is the most attractive scuba diving destination in Thailand because its tranquility privacy and its bespoke diving pier.(McGeown K,2005) The uniqueness of diving in Phi Phi Island compare to other islands in Krabi province are the amazing limestone cliffs drastically straight jutting out of sea and down to the sea as well as its diversity of diving reefs and habitats. On the basis of advantaged natural resources, the committee schemes to build Phi Phi Island as the world renowned Water Sports Centre (WSC scheme) covers from diving, snorkelling to sea kayaking. Ø Wedding Paradise: Phi Phi Island is the delightful place that full of cultural flavor and receives much exposure from Hollywood movies. The Maya Bay is the original setting place of love movieâ€Å"The Beach† starred Leonardo Di Caprio and â€Å"The man with golden gun† with James Bond. The remarkable natural scenery not only attracts the big names, the alluring local culture also fascinates the new couples and honeymooners around the world. Infinite business opportunities hide in the pristine beach and crystal clear water, the ATSSC committee projects a theme tour that target on the young people, in particular the young couple to cater for the weddings and honeymoon services. This proposition will not only attract more staying visitors, but also drive development of related industries such as hotels, restaurants and bars and ferry industries. Ø Ultimate Wellness Sanctuary: The Phi Phis natural beauty is a large chunk of allure that attracts visitors from all ages. The path behind the Tonsai Village is the ideal position to view the classic landscape, and the long beach is super excellent for the view of sun rise and sun set. After one day trip, having an energy-enriching treatment is the fantastic enjoyable finish. Phi Phi Island is one of the origins of Thai Spa due to its rich natural materials include flower extracts, plants oils, sea weeds and fish-roe. The committee proposes to upgrade the spa treatment on Phi Phi Island to an upper class on the basis of pure natural resources and traditional massages. Transform the spa industry from the tourism supporting business to the core local industry. Alternatives Evaluation It is important to evaluate the tourism development alternatives from the feasibility analysis and impact analysis with the â€Å"Benefits and Cost† approach which link the tourism activities with the stability of local economy, the sensitivity of environment and social structure (Walsh, R.G, 1985). The tourism development program impact on Phi Phi Island as below: Impact on local government: local government takes the major responsibilities to provide the infrastructures and services that key to tourism development. Developing the new tourism project can push government to ensure the carrying capacities, infrastructures that to meet the anticipated demands. Phi Phi Island has rich storage of natural resources and its tourism has developed more than two decades, in particular the diving industry has grown maturely. The new tourism project will reduces the capital pressure of government and increase the government revenue through charges, sales and taxes. (Stynes, D.J, 2004) Impact on local business: The tourism development can directly serve the community benefit and drive related industries. The diving centre can attract more divers that stimulate the development of local transportation; the wedding services drive the growth of flower planting and the spa industry generate more job opportunities for skilled locals. However, the key point for tourism development is the more â€Å"self-sufficient† the community is, the better the tourism impact. (Stynes,D.J, 2004) For example, although Phi Phi Island has the fantastic diving sites, the necessary diving equipments are mostly imported from U.S, Europe and Australia. If these products are bought to mush from outside, the large amount of tourist spending will leak out of the local economy. Impact on environment and residence: The quality of environment and life may go up or down depends on the way of tourism development. (D. Stynes C. OHalloran,1987) Developing Tourism may generate more job opportunities and increase revenue as well providing more retailers, hotels and restaurants; however, from the other hand, it also mean the higher living cost, busier traffic and higher tax, and the possibilities of environmental damage. (D. Stynes C. OHalloran,1987) In addition, tourism is the season-sensitive industry, and tourism work are basically in service sector and most are seasonal, part-time and low wage. The local government and tourism committee should balance the benefit and cost of tourism development and make a sustainable and strategically tourism development plan. Tourism Development Decision Tourism development plan should consider the relative roles of social sectors and involve a series of decisions. The ATSSC project the tourism program from four aspects. Segmentation: Phi Phi Island is the alluring destination full of natural resorts and cultural mystery that attract the customers from all age groups all over the world. The target market of new tourism program is more precise based on the demographics and interests groups. Phi Phi Island is famous for its diving and sports, the committee aim to build the Phi Phi Island as the paradise of young people who love sports and beauty and are keen to spend indelible holiday in the pearl of Andaman Sea (Xinhua,2006). Place: The destinations of Phi Phi Island program include the Phi Phi Don, Phi Phi Lee and the group islands. The key to perfect the local tourism is to regulate and improve the transportations among the different diving sites and attractions by combining the ferries, fast boat with the traditional boats as the uniqueness of local tourism. Upgrade the local attractiveness: Ø Diving: The Phi Phi Island will offer the remarkable variety of diving possibilities to different degrees of divers from beginners to expertise. The local diving club will provide four-hour â€Å"Discover Scuba Diving† to the beginners that introduce the basic skills, the equipment instructions and accompany the divers all the time to experience the beauty of white coral bush. For the divers who want to be certificated divers, the club will advise them to join the â€Å"Dive the globe† program to take further experience in the most popular diving site the Ko Bida Nok to appreciate huge garden of star corals and incredible beauty of anemones as well to play with the clown fish. For the certificated divers and PADI divers, the club tailors the special activities and guides the divers in small groups in speedboat and long tail boat to experience the specialty dives. (Udomsak,S,2003) Ø Snorkeling and Sea Kayaking: There are abundant coral reefs systems around Maya Bay, Pi Leh Bay and Bamboo Island that fantastic for snorkeling. Kayaking some uninhabited beaches and Viking caves in other islands is also the glorious alternative to the adventure potentials and addition to the overall water activities. Ø Wedding and honeymoon service: No one can reject the wedding with serenaded by sea gull and waves on a tropical pristine beach, massaged by soft sands and warm water from Andaman Sea. The tourism committee closely connected with the local premium hotels will offer one-step wedding services with world-class hospitable residences, fresh and colorful flowers and lovely weather. There are variety wedding package can be chose, from economic to luxury all guarantee to leave you the scared and memorable wedding. Ø Ultimate pampering spa: On Phi Phi Island, the visitors can experience the authentic Thai style spa in the atmosphere of tranquility. Phi Phi Island has its favourable natural advantage that has a rich storage of natural material, however, the massage parlours lack the unified standards and regulations to ensure the quality of service. The committee projects a training program for all the massage parlours on Phi Phi Island include the security check of environment, quality check of massage products, the certification of skill workers; the program does not mean to standardization of the spa service, on the contrary, the committee encourage the massage parlours to offer the unique services on the basis of security. Expected results The program will be launched on May, 2010. In the initial period, the committee and local government will focus on completing the local infrastructures and improving the carrying capacities to satisfy the increasing demand of anticipated visitors. With the international water sports centre completed, the committee anticipates Phi Phi Island will become the key all-round tourism destination in Andaman Sea. Tourism is a systematic industry, the committee hope to take advantage of new round tourism development program to drive speed growth of local service business, transportation industry, generate more working opportunities as well to build the goodwill image of Phi Phi Island around the world. Sustainable Development Considering the graceful scenery given by earth, it is absolutely a competitive advantage for their tourism industry. However, small island ecosystem is less complicated hence fragile, even slightly changes may cause the collapse the whole food chain on this island. Without mentioning the careless visitors from every corner of the world, the most careful travellers would leave their trail by hiking, diving, or even simply breathing. For example, a new exploring route through jungle might threaten the small animals feeding on bugs and worms, would directly cause the drastically rise of natural enemies to plants. Under the circumstances of spices singularity of small ecosystem, such change is fatal. Then how to protect the environment while making fully use of its natural resources is the question facing to authority. First of all, environmental protection awareness should be engraved on everyones mind. There should be consideration of environment protecting details through every step of development. From raw materials of building infrastructure to conspicuous signs at which remind travellers and even emission control of transportation, are basically demand. Second, accompany with the increasing tourism industry, a comparative rise of local inhabitant is a vital strike on ecosystem. Instead of restricting people moving onto the small island, it is wisely for authority to encourage local resident moving out, meanwhile providing more convenient transport. At last, there should be a visitor quantity control system. Providing different promotion and differentiating events, to avoid a capacity overload, which would lower the customer satisfactory and even lead to environment disrupti on. Apparently, there would be a conflict between sustainable development and profit maximization, however, it refers to improve reasonably and continuously. Conclusion Based on the identification of Phi Phi Island tourism system from variety resources including natural, culture, capital and organizations, this report set up series of objectives. In order to fulfil fostering the tourism industry with a combination of natural resources and local culture, encouraging promotion on existing tourist activities, and developing local economy through providing more job opportunities and attracting investment, several alternatives were generated. But these alternatives may influence the stability of local economy and environment. After evaluation of the impacts on different aspects from those choices, this plan made appropriate modifications to accomplish goal. In the end, a successful alternative requires thoroughly resources analysing and impacts predicting with a sustainable implementation, so that achieve the initial objectives.

Definition Of Hiv And Aids Health And Social Care Essay

Definition Of Hiv And Aids Health And Social Care Essay I have chosen the topic of HIV/AIDS. In this written assignment, Firstly, I will start by introducing what are HIV and AIDS and the influence of them. Secondly, I will generate some figure of the world and also in Hong Kong. Then, I will use the biopsychosocial model to describe the causes of HIV. Last but not lease, I will discuss the health promotion and Motivation Strategies. 2. Definition of HIV and AIDS: Definition of HIV The short term of Human Immunodeficiency Virus is called HIV which is a virus and it is reported by Dr. Luc Montagnier in 1983. They cannot reproduce and grow by themselves, they have to rely on a living organism and infect the cell of them in order to replicate. Viruses usually are found and killed by the human immune system quickly, however, HIV could directly attack the human immune system which would affect our body health and cannot get rid of a virus. Definition of AIDS AIDS Acquires Immune Deficiency Syndrome which is caused by inflection of HIV which would destroys the human ability to fight with the diseases and cancers. AIDS is not a single disease and it combine with opportunistic infection which would invade the live body easily when the immune system is destroyed. People with HIV are not equal to infect AIDS. For the people who inflect HIV can also remain dormant in body for several years. During the median incubation period, for adult, it would take ten years to develop AIDS on average. And a lot of people with HIV may be unaware of their inflection status and look healthy. 3. Influence For the people who have infected HIV are they are higher risk to get infected and malignancies because the immune system is damage which is called opportunistic infects. The most common HIV-related opportunistic infections and diseases includes the bacterial diseases and protozoal diseases, fungal diseases, Viral diseases and HIV-associated malignancies. There are different condition would appear in different stage of HIV infection. For the first stage patient, they have higher rate to infect tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, malaria, staphylococcal skin infections, herpes zoster and septicaemia and more difficult to recover. For the later stage of the patient, the immune system is being more and more weak, it is easier for them to infect PCP, cryptococcosis and toxoplasmosis which can be fatal. 4. Figure of HIV/AIDS HIV is a global epidemic. They affect different country of the world. It could have negative effects in families, communities and the whole countries. From the above bar chart, we can find that the number of people living with HIV increase from 8 million in1990 to 34 million in 2010. Also, in recent years, the overall number of growth of the epidemic has become more stable and the annual number of the new inflection has continuously decreased because of the increasing number of people has received antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, AID-related deaths number has also decrease. From the above bar chart, it is clearly to see the majority people living with HIV is mostly live in low and middle income countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa where has two-thirds of all infected people of the whole world which carries the greatest burden of the epidemic. Also, South and South-East Asia is the second highest number of people who are infected HIV. Figure in Hong Kong This research is done by The Virtual AIDS Office (VAO) of Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, the first case of HIV infection was reported in 1984. From the above graphics, we would find that the number of case of people infected HIV keep on increasing in recent years. The number of cases has a mild drop in 2009 and 2010, however, the number of case in 2011 increase to a record high of 438 cases. Also, it is clearly to find the most inflection were in adult, male and Chinese. In 2011, there is 79% of the reported cases were men and 66% of reported cases is Chinese and the 83% of the reported cases aged between 20-49 which is the highest. This pie chart show the suspected route of HIV transmission in 2011, we would find that the large proportion of people getting infected HIV is from sexual transmission which includes 39% of homosexual, 27% of heterosexual and 4% of bisexual. Also, 3.5% is infected from blood contact which includes contaminated blood, blood products and needles. 5. Causes Biological Causes Transmission of HIV Sexual contact During the sexual contact, the semen or vaginal discharge of the inflected partner would directly in contact with the mucous membrane of the male and females reproductive organ. Therefore, homosexual and homosexual contact can transmit HIV, such as vaginal, oral or anal sex. And the risk of HIV transmission would increase when there is ulcer and blood during the sexual contact. Blood contact HIV would be transmitted by contaminated blood, blood products and needles because there is the high concentration of HIV in blood of the people inflected. It is common to find that blood-borne transmission of HIV often occurs when the drug users who infected HIV share the needles with others. Also, we would find some cases in the health care setting, such as needlestick injuries and the HIV transfuse to the blood or blood product. Mother to infant infection During pregnancy, delivery or breasting feeding, there is 15-40% change that HIV can transmit the infant if the mother is infected. Psychological Causes There are a lot of psychological causes would increase the risk of HIV. For examples, the personal depression, suicidal thoughts, lack of sleep would lead to an increase of stress and may cause some psychiatric problems which would slow down our immune systems and we have to place more stain on it. Also, for the people who have infected HIV it would lead to high HIV viral loads. Furthermore, increase of stress will cause a lot of problems. When people getting more and more stressful, some people may choose to go to the recreational place to relax themselves, such as clubbing, bar and game center. It is easier for them to meet some bad friend and they may mislead them to take the drugs or have the sexual relation which would increase the risk of HIV transmission, such as blood contact and sexual contact. In addition, for the people who have infected HIV, eating habit would also affect the process from HIV to AIDS which is base on the diet of the patient. It would be faster if the patient is malnourished. Sociological Causes For the developing country In the developing country, there is a lack of antiretroviral treatments and poor health care system which leads to the rate of people infected HIV remains in a high level. People in the developing countries are unawareness of HIV, For the modern society In the modern society, people are more open-minded. A lot of people may choose to go to the club or bar to relax after work and they may think there is nothing problem to have sex with somebody and it would lead to an increase to the number of people getting sexual contact. -Media The mass media always play the central role of the whole society and it would affect the mind of the citizen. In the modern society, one of the causes that people getting more and more open-minded is affect by the media. Although they are not aim to send whose messages to them, but when they watch the movies or a TV programmes that the actors can easily have the sexual relation to others or they are taking drugs which would directly affect their mind and they may want to imitate. It would increase the risk of infect HIV through blood contact and sexual contact. 6. Health promotion Information and education The effective AIDS programme should promote the information and provision of education which is the key prerequisites. It should cover the all sectors of the society and educate them in a way that they can easily understand and acceptable. Also, it should be put effort continuously to achieve the outcome. HIV and AIDS education in schools For educating the young about HIV and AIDS, the most common place is to learn from school which is a crucial setting to educate the young. School usually pays an important role in shaping the youths attitudes, opinions and behavior. Therefore, teaching in school about the biological aspects of HIV and AIDS is ideal environment for teaching the social. HIV and AIDS education in the workplace To prevent HIV/AIDS, the key location is to educate them in the workplace. It is an important way to give them the information about what are HIV/AIDS, the causes and some prevention. Also, teaching them at the workplace can reach people who have not learn it before at school. Moreover, there are some researches found that there are nine out of ten people who are infected HIV are working. Therefore, providing education at the workplace can help the people live healthier. For the government, they can promote some programs of the International Labour Organization (ILO) for some company to join. One of the aim of the International Labour Organization is to promote different prevent solutions at the workplace and support the workers with HIV, such as providing treatment and care. -HIV and AIDS education through the mass media Also the other effective way is educating the public through the mass media. Mass media always play the central role in a lot of countries in respond to HIV and AIDS. For example, UK government in order to raise the awareness of the public about the HIV and AIDS, they use the progamme called blanket education which make good use of the mass media that can cover the whole society, and it is really successful in promoting HIV and AIDS. -Clinical and support service Information and education is not sufficient to inform to public. The most critical step is to provide the counselling, advice, medical treatments and support services which should also cover the whole society, especially for whole who are high risk to infect HIV, such as the drugs users, commercial sex workers. These treatments and services are both essential to the AIDS programme which can fight against the disease. For example, for the prevention of sexual Transmission of HIV, there are some sexually transmitted diseases(STD) clinics can promote some AIDS information and education to be informed to the patients, such as inform the people who have high risk of infecting HIV should have a regular test. Also, an effective AIDS programme should train some health professional to provide effective treatments to the patients. 7. Motivation Strategies -For the people who have not inflect HIV To prevent sexual contact Apart from abstinence, safe sex should be mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected person. If you do not know your partner is affected or not, you should use the condoms from the beginning whatever which types of sexual intercourse. Using condoms can reduce the risk of infecting HIV. To protect yourself and to love your sexual partner, condoms have to use properly and consistently. To prevent blood contact For drug user: There are 4 things that they can do to prevent the blood contact. Firstly, they should avoid taking drugs and as soon as possible to seek the drug treatment and rehabilitation services. Secondly, if someone cannot avoid taking drug immediately, the injecting method of taking drugs should be adopted and they should join the methadone treatment programme. Thirdly, if the drug users cannot stop to injecting drugs, they should not share syringes and needles to other and they should use once-only syringes and needles. Lastly, if the drugs users do not have their own syringe and needles, they should use bleach to clear the syringe twice and twice with water to avoid infection. For health care workers: In the health care setting, health care workers are easier to have some blood borne diseases such as HIV through needlestick injury. If the accident occurs, to reduce the risk of infection, first-aid management is very important. Moreover, the most effective way to reduce the risk of infection is to use universal precautions to all patients, such as wearing the protective barriers and washing hand frequently. To prevent mother to infant infection For the women who are considering having a baby or have been pregnant, if they are suspected to be infected with HIV, they should talk to their doctors or the AIDS counselor and should have an HIV antibody test. Furthermore, to prevent mother-to-child transmission, there is a way to use antiretroviral drugs which can reduce the risk of the child getting infected HIV. For the people infected HIV: Have the Medical management of HIV infection Although from now on, there is no such method to root up the disease, but there is some treatment have been made of AIDS. It includes two types, one is the antiretroviral drugs adoption which can control the activities of the HIV, help to restore the immunity functions and minimize the harmful effect of the virus. The other one is to have some treatment and prophylaxis to minimize the risk of opportunistic infection. Using the above methods can improve the health of the infected people and improve their quantity of life and survival in people. Therefore, for the people infected, they should have the regular medical follow-up for monitoring of the disease, so that the health care professional can follow the cases. It can detect the complications earlier and have appropriate treatment which can improve the survival change. Control your emotion When the patients face the illness of HIV/AIDS, they must feel fear, uncertainty, guilt, anxiety, anger and depression. However, it may something worsen the situation. Therefore, they should not deny their feeling. Ventilation of feeling may help them to resolving the emotional problem. You may share your feeling and concern to someone you trust. They may also try to gain counseling support, there will be the social worker to help you. 8. Conclusion To conclude, from the above passages, we would found that the number of people getting infected HIV is remind in a high level. And the causes can separate into the biological, such as the transmission of HIV, psychological, such as the stress and eating habit and sociological causes which depend on the different countries and society. Moreover, there is some health promotion which should educate the public and provide some clinical treatment and services to them. Lastly, we have discussed the motivation strategies which design for the people have not inflected and the patient with HIV. And I believe that with the above methods, the problems of HIV/AIDS would be improved in foreseeable further.

Tosco Marketing Company Quality Control :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Tosco Marketing Company Quality Control TOSCO MARKETING COMPANY Quality control comes in many forms. For some it is following a specific philosophy, such as those developed by Demming or Juran. For others it is achieving a specific degree of merit as that established by the Malcolm Baldridge Awards, or International Standard Organizations (ISO). However, the petroleum industry as a whole has compromised, shifted, and remained adaptable to an ever-changing world filled with government regulations and restrictions. The negative environmental impact of the petroleum industry is either not understood, grossly downplayed, or it is blatantly ignored. Government agencies have amended and abolished amendments in many of their policies so quickly that establishing best practices is nearly impossible. However, one thing in the petroleum industry remains the same. Safety is a key quality concept that must be adhered to. Tosco Corporation made a bad name for itself by ignoring certain safety issues. Quality control in the safety department was ineffective, and people died because of their neglect. Only recently have they outsourced the development of their safety program to Dupont. Introduction to Government Standards The Department of Energy (DOE) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) require an insurmountable amount of data, reports, testing, and auditing to ensure the compliance of all U.S. Oil Companies around the world. The most recent concern regarding the petroleum industry is that of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE’s) that are put in our fuel. Early on it was believed that adding MTBE’s to fuel would result in cleaner burning gasoline. However, according to the â€Å"Ground Water Monitor† small amounts seeped into the ground water and caused an unacceptable amount of contamination. The conception of MTBE’s was in 1967 with the passage of the Clean Air Act. This is the primary statute governing air quality in the United States. It assigns responsibilities to government and industry to reduce emissions from pollution sources such as automobiles, refineries, chemical plants, and power plants. However, it seems as though every solution to meet the stringent requirements poses another problem. The Clean Air Act has been amended several times, and most recently it is to be amended to ban MTBE’s by the year 2002.

Multiple Sclerosis :: essays research papers

Multiple Sclerosis Jason Garoutte November 18, 1996 English / Mr. Blunt Multiple sclerosis is one of the most misunderstood diseases of this century. Since it's discovery, there is still no known causes, no proven treatments, and no known cure, yet it affects possibly five hundred thousand people in the United States alone. People need to learn more about this disease so it can be brought to the attention of the nation. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system. It destroys the fatty myelin sheath that insulates your nerve cells. Without this insulation, nerve communication is disrupted. The body then makes this worse by repairing it, and clogging the area with scar tissue. Signals going from your brain and brain stem, such as muscle coordination signals or visual sensation signals, are slowed greatly, or just blocked off. Thus, a person afflicted with Multiple Sclerosis can suffer any number of symptoms. Researchers are not sure yet as to the cause of Multiple Sclerosis. There is a kind of deadlock among scientists and doctors whether it's hereditary, viral, or a combination of the two, with the disease being hereditary, but with a viral trigger, or just a simple chemical imbalance in the immune system. One thing is certain, though. Some sort of defect in the immune system causes white blood cells to attack and destroy the myelin sheath. There are five main types of Multiple Sclerosis. The first type is Benign Multiple Sclerosis. It is the least severe, has little progression, and takes up twenty percent of all cases. The second type is Benign Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. It carries symptoms that fluctuate in severity, mild disability, and it makes up thirty percent of the total. The third type is Chronic Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. It is characterized by disability that increases with each attack, and it is the most common with forty percent of all cases. Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis is the fourth type. It has continuous disability that worsens as time goes by, and ten percent of all cases are this. The last type is a very rare class called Acute Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. This kind can kill in weeks or months, in contrast with the usual years or decades. Due to the type of disease and the areas it affects, there are a great number of possible symptoms. These symptoms can fool the most experienced physician into thinking that it is a psychological disease. The most common symptoms are bouts of overwhelming fatigue, loss of coordination, muscle weakness, numbness, slurred speech, and visual difficulties. These symptoms may occur for a number of years before one is actually diagnosed, and these symptoms

Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln as Wartime Leaders Essay

There are both similarities and differences between President Abraham Lincoln, leader of the Union, and Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, as leaders during the conflict of the Civil War. These two war heroes lived parallel lives at birth. Both native Kentuckians, Abraham Lincoln was born February 12th, 1809 in Hodgenville, Kentucky and Jefferson Davis was born June 3rd, 1808 in Christian County, Kentucky. Both Lincoln and Davis were born in a log cabin and each moved away from Kentucky at a young age and grew up in a different state. Lincoln moved to Indiana when he was seven and grew up on the edge of a frontier. Davis also moved away from Kentucky as a small child and grew up in Mississippi. Early in life, Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis followed similar paths however their educational experiences were very different. Lincoln had little formal teaching; however he read avidly having taught himself. Jefferson Davis, on the contrary, had a very good formal education. He attended Transylvania University in Kentucky until he was sixteen when President Monroe appointed him to a military school. He successfully graduated from West Point military academy as a Second Lieutenant. Davis’ first active service was in the United States Army in the Northwest which lasted for six years. He was involved in several battles in the Black Hawk War of 1832 as leader of his regiment. Correspondingly, Lincoln got into the military by enlisting as a militia captain during the Black Hawk War defending the state of Illinois. As the militia captain, Lincoln made an honorable and respected name for himself however he did not see any combat during his brief time in the Illinois militia. Although they got their starts in military service very differently, Lincoln and Davis were both directly involved in the military before they were pulled into the political scene. Politically, Lincoln found a home with the Whig party where his vision for the nation focused on improving all aspects internally, including commerce, industry and transportation. He would concentrate on these ideals until the 1850s when he accepted the fact that slavery was contributing to the downfall of America (â€Å"Abraham Lincoln – Early Political Career†). Davis, on the other hand, spent a good deal of time reading about political philosophy and political economy, and entered as a Democrat. His logical approach to the difficulties facing the nation focused on the rights of the states, an ideal which he held for his entire political career (NNDB). The differences in their political backgrounds and military beginnings helped to shape these men into the leaders they grew to be during the Civil War. After the Black Hawk War, Jefferson Davis married Miss Knox Taylor, Zachary Taylor’s daughter, and resigned from the army. In contrast, Abraham Lincoln studied law and campaigned for Illinois State Legislature after the war. Lincoln met and soon after married Mary Todd in Springfield, Illinois where he was studying to become a lawyer. He became an attorney in 1836 when he obtained his license to practice law. Lincoln was a successful and fantastic lawyer who presented a massive amount of knowledge about the law and had an impeccable way with his speech. Even so, he was not elected as a State Legislator the first time he ran, and it was not until his second time running that he won, and in 1834 served as a Whig. Jefferson Davis, however, led a dramatically different life during the years following his first military service than Lincoln. Three months after marriage, both he and his spouse, Knox, acquired malaria and unfortunately his wife did not make it. Davis, now a widower, retired to a plantation in Mississippi where he supervised the production of cotton and studied political science. In 1843 he came to the great conclusion that he should put his diligent studies to use and enter the political field. Davis ran for the Mississippi House of Representatives as a Democrat, but lost the election in his first attempt, similar to Lincoln.

Development of Youth Culture Essay

There is no single causality for the tuition of polish rather, it came active as a outlet of the number of assorted loving miscellanys occurring at the same time. These agri glosss include the increasing economic origin of untried community, the influence of the USA and globalisation, social interchanges at the stopping point of serviceman War 2, development of the media, demographic change in the number of teen volume and the enactment to adulthood. defining young person culture can be difficult because different cultures and interruptions in engagement statuss can locomote the perspective of what callowness is.Culture is the counsel we live inside our culture and youth culture is the way youth lives within it but because of the difficulties youth culture could rigorous different things to different cultures. Youth culture demonstrable in the early 1950s, although the humor of youth as a course in life has a long-acting history. Youth culture was first unquestionable in America by and by World War 2, which then Britain decided to keep abreast due to media and other influences from America. In my thought process the or so grave eventor that highly-developed youth culture was the economic changes in society.Due to the demand in workers subsequently the Second World War in that location was an economic emergence. The first person to suck in the impact this was having on young commonwealth was Abrams (1959) who analysed the join ond economic power of the teenage consumer. There was a marked pattern in what was getting most money spent on, because young sight were the age group eliminateing the highest counterbalance of their income on leisure activities and music, clothes and cosmetics. This make up in economic power created the assures for the appear youth culture to develop.For the first time, young people had significant amounts of money to spend. other extremely important factor for the development was the so cial change at the end of World War 2. There was some(prenominal) more opportunities for young people and possibilities at this time. Before the warfare, Britain was characterized by a crystallize structure. By the time it came to the 1950s, we started to see a change in the economy and this capable up oppurtunities and individual expression. Judging on conventional standards, opportunities were fit bigger.Cinema, art, literature and sign began to explore bare-ass ideas. Amongst many spick-and-span ideas was that young people were a characteristic group with mod values and ideas about their place in society. The next important development for youth culture in my opinion was the influence of the USA and globalisation. With the ever-changing culture and the growth in grandness of the 1950s, there was a ready grocery store for American goods and culture, which included rock and err music and other products aimed at the new teenage market.A cite from Leech (76) saying youth quake explained how a change in the new youth was such a sudden change it was analogous an earthquake. Globalisation recognised what young people indispensabilityed and advertised it more. I find the next development of the youth culture which was important was the growth and specialization of media. Media was becoming a lot more common and so was advertisement. The media started to advertise the products that young people during that time wanted and this was a ample boost for the economics and spread speedily across the world. The 1950s saw an volley of different sorts of media.This was only possible because of the growth in social diversity and an increase in spending power that persuaded companies to spend large amounts of money advertising the new media. As a high-spending and newly observed group, young people became the target for advertisers and indeed the commercial media competed to attract this market. Another social condition that made the development of youth c ulture possible was transition to adulthood. transformation refers to the movement from universe economically and socially dependent on parents, towards independence.The length of transition increased over the 20th cytosine as the average period in education. Due to the longer age of being in education, it meant that typical adult responsibilities were interpreted on increasingly later in life, leaving young people with a number of years where they were physically grow but without the responsibilities of adulthood. This caused young people to want their own place in society. The detain social condition that helped youth culture become possible was the demographic change in numbers of young people. later on the war because couple had been split for so long because of hundreds of men being displace abroad, many sexual experiences had been delayed for years. The result was that when the men were released from the armed forces in 1945/46, there was a huge increase in birth rate. A lthough many of the children born at this time were not teenagers until the end of 1950s, they did figure that youth culture continued and grew as a cultural form. Around 50 to 60 years ago, for the first time, a youth culture appeared to be appear young people appeared to be growing their own values, customs, tastes, clothes, music and language.After canvass and discussing all the different social conditions that developed youth culture I concord discovered that youth culture wasnt made overnight. It took all these 6 of import factors to create this culture and carry it on until this day. Economics was the most important condition in my opinion due to the fact that it all started because of the economic boost after World War 2. America was the kingdom that started this youth culture and Britain followed it after the war ended. Abercrombie et al. (2000) has suggested that youth culture has three distinguishing features leisure, modal value and peer group.